Where is cambodia?
Updated: June 21, 2024Geographical Location
Cambodia is a Southeast Asian country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula. It shares borders with Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The country's coordinates are approximately 11.55° N latitude and 104.92° E longitude, placing it firmly within the tropical region of the world.
Political Boundaries
Cambodia's political boundaries are defined by its neighboring countries and the Gulf of Thailand. To the west and northwest, it shares a long border with Thailand, stretching from the Dangrek Mountains in the north to the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. To the north, Cambodia is bordered by Laos, specifically the Champasak Province. The eastern boundary is shared with Vietnam, and this border largely follows the Mekong River and extends through the lowlands and highlands of both countries. To the southwest, the coastline along the Gulf of Thailand provides Cambodia with a maritime boundary.
Topography and Natural Features
Cambodia's topography is characterized by a central plain that is drained by the Mekong River and its tributaries. The central plain is surrounded by mountainous regions, including:
- Cardamom Mountains: Located in the southwest, these mountains are home to dense tropical rainforests and diverse wildlife.
- Dangrek Mountains: Forming a natural border with Thailand in the north, these mountains have significant historical and cultural relevance.
- Annamite Range: Found in the east, this range extends into Laos and Vietnam, contributing to the region's biodiversity.
The Tonle Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, is another significant feature. This lake expands and contracts dramatically with the seasons, influencing local agriculture, fishing, and livelihoods.
Climate
Cambodia experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by two distinct seasons:
- Wet Season: Lasting from May to October, the wet season is dominated by the southwest monsoon, bringing heavy rains and humidity.
- Dry Season: From November to April, the northeast monsoon creates drier conditions. The dry season is further divided into the cool dry season (November to February) and the hot dry season (March and April).
Temperatures in Cambodia can range from 21°C (70°F) in the cooler months to 35°C (95°F) during the hotter periods.
Historical and Cultural Context
Cambodia's historical and cultural context is deeply rooted in its location. The country is home to the ancient Khmer civilization, which has left an indelible mark on its landscape, most notably through the Angkor Wat temple complex. Angkor Wat, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a massive temple complex that showcases the architectural prowess and religious devotion of the Khmer Empire.
The influence of India and China is also evident in Cambodian culture, reflected in its religion (primarily Theravada Buddhism), language, and art. The Silk Road facilitated cultural exchanges, and Cambodia's strategic location made it a nexus of trade and cultural fusion.
Economy and Infrastructure
Cambodia's economy is diverse, with agriculture, textiles, tourism, and construction being significant sectors. The country's fertile plains support the cultivation of rice, rubber, maize, and cassava. The textile industry, centered in Phnom Penh, produces garments for global brands, contributing significantly to export earnings.
Tourism is a vital part of the economy, with historical sites like Angkor Wat, the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh, and the coastal city of Sihanoukville attracting millions of visitors annually. The country's infrastructure is continually improving, with investments in road networks, airports, and ports facilitating economic growth.
Demographics and Society
Cambodia has a population of approximately 16 million people, with a majority living in rural areas. Phnom Penh, the capital city, is the largest urban center and the political, economic, and cultural hub of the country. The population is predominantly Khmer, with significant minority groups including Vietnamese, Chinese, Cham (Muslim), and various indigenous peoples.
The Khmer language is the official language, and Buddhism is the dominant religion, practiced by over 95% of the population. Cambodian society is characterized by its strong community ties, traditional customs, and a deep sense of resilience shaped by its tumultuous history.
Flora and Fauna
Cambodia's rich biodiversity includes tropical rainforests, mangroves, and unique ecosystems. The country is home to numerous plant species like teak, bamboo, and various orchids. Wildlife includes elephants, tigers, leopards, and a plethora of bird species. The Tonle Sap Lake is especially notable for its fish diversity, supporting the livelihoods of many Cambodians.
Education and Health
The education system in Cambodia is improving, with increased access to primary and secondary education. However, challenges remain, including quality of education and access in rural areas. Higher education institutions like the Royal University of Phnom Penh are contributing to the development of a skilled workforce.
Healthcare in Cambodia has seen progress with the establishment of hospitals and clinics, but disparities in access and quality persist, particularly in rural regions. International aid and government initiatives aim to address these challenges.
Transportation
Cambodia's transportation network includes roads, railways, and waterways. The National Road System connects major cities and provinces, while the railway network links Phnom Penh with Sihanoukville and Poipet near the Thai border. The Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake are crucial for inland water transport, facilitating the movement of goods and people.
Cambodia's unique geographical position, rich history, and cultural heritage make it a fascinating country within Southeast Asia. The interplay of natural features, climate, and human ingenuity has shaped a vibrant and resilient society. As Cambodia continues to develop, it offers a blend of ancient traditions and modern advancements, inviting exploration and understanding.
Related Questions
Phnom Penh is the bustling capital city of Cambodia, situated at the confluence of the Tonle Sap and Mekong rivers. Known for its rich cultural heritage, vibrant street life, and historical landmarks, Phnom Penh has grown from a small settlement into the political, economic, and cultural heart of Cambodia.
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The official language of Cambodia is Khmer, also known as Cambodian. It is the language spoken by the vast majority of the population and is used in government, education, media, and everyday communication. Khmer belongs to the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family and has a rich history that dates back to the ancient Khmer Empire, which reigned from the 9th to the 15th centuries.
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Cambodia operates in the Indochina Time Zone (ICT), which is 7 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+7). This time zone is consistent throughout the year as Cambodia does not observe Daylight Saving Time (DST). This simplicity makes it easier to keep track of time in Cambodia, unlike in regions where time changes seasonally.
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The crown jewel of Cambodia, Angkor Wat, is the largest religious monument in the world and a must-visit for any traveler. This UNESCO World Heritage site is located near Siem Reap and is part of the larger Angkor Archaeological Park, which spans over 400 square kilometers and includes numerous temples, hydraulic structures, and communication routes. Angkor Wat itself is renowned for its stunning architecture, intricate carvings, and historical significance.
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