What is cherry eye in dogs?

By HotBotUpdated: July 30, 2024

Answer

Understanding Cherry Eye

Cherry eye, also known as prolapsed gland of the third eyelid, is a common condition in dogs that affects the nictitating membrane. This membrane, often called the third eyelid, is located in the inner corner of a dog's eye and serves several important functions, including producing a significant portion of the eye's tear film.

When the gland of the third eyelid prolapses or pops out of its normal position, it becomes visible as a red, swollen mass, resembling a cherry—hence the name "cherry eye." This condition can affect one or both eyes and is more prevalent in certain breeds.

Causes of Cherry Eye

The exact cause of cherry eye remains somewhat elusive, but it is generally believed to be related to a weakness or genetic predisposition in the connective tissue that holds the gland in place. Several factors can contribute to the development of cherry eye in dogs:

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Genetics: Some breeds are more predisposed to cherry eye, including Bulldogs, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, and Shih Tzus.
Age: Cherry eye is more commonly seen in young dogs, typically under the age of two.
Trauma: Injury or excessive rubbing of the eye can sometimes lead to the gland's prolapse.

Symptoms of Cherry Eye

Recognizing cherry eye is relatively straightforward due to its distinctive appearance. Key symptoms include:

Visible Mass: A red or pink swelling on the inner corner of the eye, resembling a cherry.
Tearing: Increased tear production and potential discharge from the affected eye.
Irritation: The dog may paw at the eye or rub their face due to discomfort.
Inflammation: The surrounding tissues may become inflamed or irritated.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

If you suspect your dog has cherry eye, it's crucial to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. The veterinarian may perform a thorough eye examination and recommend one or more of the following treatment options:

Medical Management

In some cases, especially if the condition is caught early, medical management might be attempted. This could include:

Topical Medications: Anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments to reduce swelling and discomfort.
Manual Repositioning: In some cases, veterinarians may attempt to manually reposition the gland back into place. However, this is often a temporary solution, as the gland may prolapse again.

Surgical Intervention

Surgery is often the preferred and more permanent solution for treating cherry eye. Several surgical techniques are available:

Pocket Technique: Also known as the "Morgan Pocket Technique," this involves creating a pocket in the third eyelid and tucking the prolapsed gland back into place.
Anchoring Technique: The gland is sutured to the orbital rim or other nearby structures to keep it in place.
Gland Removal: In rare cases, if the gland is severely damaged or if previous surgeries have failed, removal of the gland might be considered. However, this is generally avoided due to the important role the gland plays in tear production.

Post-Surgical Care and Recovery

Post-surgical care is crucial to ensure a successful recovery and prevent recurrence. Key aspects of post-operative care include:

Medication: Your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications to prevent infection and reduce swelling.
Protective Measures: An Elizabethan collar (E-collar) may be recommended to prevent the dog from rubbing or scratching the surgical site.
Follow-Up Visits: Regular check-ups with the veterinarian to monitor healing and address any complications.

Potential Complications and Risks

While surgical intervention for cherry eye is generally successful, there are potential complications and risks to be aware of:

Recurrence: In some cases, the gland may prolapse again, necessitating additional surgery.
Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection, which can be managed with appropriate antibiotics.
Dry Eye: Removal of the gland or damage to it can lead to dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), requiring lifelong management with artificial tears or other medications.

Preventing Cherry Eye

While it may not be possible to completely prevent cherry eye, especially in predisposed breeds, there are some measures you can take to minimize the risk:

Regular Eye Check-Ups: Routine veterinary examinations can help detect early signs of eye conditions and allow for timely intervention.
Minimize Trauma: Avoid situations where your dog’s eyes could be injured or irritated, such as rough play or exposure to irritants.
Genetic Considerations: If you are aware of a genetic predisposition in your dog’s breed, discuss preventive measures with your veterinarian.

The Role of Genetics and Breeding

Given the genetic predisposition in certain breeds, responsible breeding practices are essential in reducing the incidence of cherry eye. Breeders should:

Selective Breeding: Avoid breeding dogs that have a history of cherry eye or other hereditary eye conditions.
Health Screenings: Conduct thorough health screenings and genetic testing to identify potential carriers of the condition.

Cherry Eye in Different Breeds

Certain breeds are more susceptible to cherry eye, and understanding these breed-specific tendencies can help in early detection and management:

Bulldogs: Both English and French Bulldogs are highly prone to cherry eye due to their facial structure and genetic makeup.
Cocker Spaniels: This breed often exhibits a higher incidence of cherry eye, making regular eye check-ups essential.
Shih Tzus: The unique facial features of Shih Tzus contribute to a higher risk of developing cherry eye.

Holistic and Alternative Treatments

While conventional medical and surgical treatments are the standard approach for cherry eye, some pet owners explore holistic and alternative treatments to support their dog's overall eye health:

Herbal Remedies: Certain herbal treatments and supplements may help in reducing inflammation and promoting eye health.
Acupuncture: Some practitioners use acupuncture to support eye health and overall well-being in dogs.
Diet and Nutrition: A balanced diet rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients can support eye health and overall immune function.

Understanding cherry eye in dogs involves recognizing its causes, symptoms, and the most effective treatment options. By staying informed and proactive, you can ensure the best possible care for your canine companion, navigating the complexities of this condition with knowledge and compassion.

The journey through cherry eye, from diagnosis to recovery and prevention, is a testament to the profound bond between humans and their furry friends.